@InCollection{Ulmer04a,
  author = 	 {H. Ulmer and F. Streichert and. A. Zell},
  title = 	 {Model-assisted evolution strategies},
  booktitle = 	 {Knowledge Incorporation in Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {333--357},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 	 {2004},
  editor = 	 {Y. Jin},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  OPTchapter = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  OPTedition = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InCollection{Jin04b,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin and M. H\"usken and M. Olhofer and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Neural networks for fitness approximation in evolutionary optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Knowledge Incorporation in Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {281--305},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 	 {2004},
  editor = 	 {Y. Jin},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  OPTchapter = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Berlin},
  OPTedition = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Nain03,
  author = 	 {P. K. S. Nain and K. Deb},
  title = 	 {Computationally effective search and optimization procedure
using coarse to fine approximation},
  booktitle = 	 {Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {2081--2088},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Chafekar04,
  author = 	 {D. Chafekar and L. Shi and K. Rasheed and J. Xuan},
  title = 	 {Multi-objective GA optimization using reduced models},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Part C},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  note = 	 {In press},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Bueche04,
  author = 	 {D. Bueche and N.N. Schraudolph and P. Koumoutsakos},
  title = 	 {Accelerating evolutionary algorithms with Gaussian process
fitness function models},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Part C},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  note = 	 {In press},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@TechReport{Goel04,
  author = 	 {T. Goel and R. Vaidyanathan and R. Haftka and W. Shyy and N. Queipo and K. Tucker},
  title = 	 {Response surface approximation of Pareto optimal front in
multiobjective optimization},
  institution =  {AIAA},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  number = 	 {2004-4501},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Ong02,
  author        = {Y. S. Ong and A.J. Keane and P.B. Nair},
  title         = {Surrogate-Assisted Coevolutionary Search},
  booktitle     = {9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Special Session on Trends in Global Optimization},
  address       = {Singapore},
  pages         = {2195--2199},  
  year          = {2002}
}


@InProceedings{Ong03,
  author        = {Y. S. Ong and K.Y. Lum and P. B. Nair and D.M. Shi and Z.K. Zhang},
  title         = {Global Convergence Unconstrained And Bound Constrained Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Search In Aerodynamic Shape Design},
  booktitle     = {Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Special Session on Design Optimisation with Evolutionary Computation({CEC}'03)},
  address       = {Canberra, Australia},
  pages         = {1856--1863},  
  year          = {2003}
}



@InCollection{Ong04,
  author = 	 {Y. S. Ong and P. B. Nair and A. J. Keane and K. W. Wong},
  title = 	 {Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Optimization Frameworks for High-Fidelity Engineering Design Problems},
  booktitle = 	 {Knowledge Incorporation in Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {307--332},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year = 	 {2004},
  editor = 	 {Y. Jin},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  OPTchapter = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTedition = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Hidovic04,
  author = 	 {D. Hidovic and J.E. Rowe},
  title = 	 {Validating a model of colon colouration using an evolution strategy with adaptive approximations},
  booktitle = 	 {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1005--1017},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{SaGo02a,
  author = 	 {K. Sastry and D. Goldberg},
  title = 	 {Genetic algorithms, efficiency enhancement, and deciding well with differing fitness bias variances},
  booktitle = 	 {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {536--543},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}
@InProceedings{SaGo02b,
  author = 	 {K. Sastry and D. Goldberg},
  title = 	 {Genetic algorithms, efficiency enhancement, and deciding well with differing fitness bias values},
  booktitle = 	 {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {536--543},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Elliott04b,
  author = 	 {L. Elliott and {et al}},
  title = 	 {An informed operator based genetic algorithm for tuning the reaction rate parameters of chemical kenetics mechanisms},
  booktitle = 	 {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {945--956},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Elliott04a,
  author = 	 {L. Elliott and {et al}},
  title = 	 {Efficient clustering-based genetic algorithms in chemical kinetic modeling},
  booktitle = 	 {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {932--944},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Pelikan04,
  author = 	 {M. Pelikan and K. Sastry},
  title = 	 {Fitness inheritance in the {B}ayesian optimization algorithms},
  booktitle = 	 {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {48--59},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Ulmer04,
  author = 	 {H. Ulmer and F. Streichert and A. Zell},
  title = 	 {Evolution strategies with controlled model assistance},
  booktitle = 	 {Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1569--1576},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Jin04,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Reducing fitness evaluations using clustering techniques and
neural networks ensembles},
  booktitle = 	 {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {688--699},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {3102},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {LNCS},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Won04,
  author = 	 {K.S. Won and T. Ray},
  title = 	 {Performance of Kriging and cokriging based surrogate models within
the unified framework for surrogate assisted optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1577--1585},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Zhou04,
  author = 	 {Z. Zhou and Y.S. Ong and P.B. Nair},
  title = 	 {Hierarchical surrogate-assisted evolutionary optimization framework},
  booktitle = 	 {Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1586--1593},
  year = 	 {2004},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

Article{Barthelemy93,
  author = 	 {J.-F.M. Barthelemy},
  title = 	 {Approximation concepts for optimimum structural design -
                  a review},
  journal = 	 {Structural Optimization},
  year = 	 {1993},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {5},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {129-144},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Book{Schwefel95,
  author = 	 {H.-P. Schwefel},
  ALTeditor = 	 {},
  title = 	 {Evolution and Optimum Seeking},
  publisher = 	 {Wiley},
  year = 	 {1995},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTedition = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Jin00,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin and M. Olhofer and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {On evolutionary optimization with approximate fitness 
                  functions},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation 
                  Conference},
  pages = 	 {786-792},
  year = 	 {2000},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}
}

@Article{Grierson93,
  author = 	 {D.E. Grierson and W.H. Pak},
  title = 	 {Optimal sizing, geometrical and topological design using a
genetic algorithm},
  journal = 	 {Structural Optimization},
  year = 	 {1993},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {6},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {151-159},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@Article{Morimoto97,
  author = 	 {T. Morimoto and J. {De Baerdemaeker} and Y. Hashimoto},
  title = 	 {An intelligent approach for optimal control of fruit-storage process using neural networks and genetic algorithms},
  journal = 	 {Computers and Electronics in Agriculture},
  year = 	 {1997},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {18},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {205-224},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@TechReport{Shyy99,
  author = 	 {W. Shyy and P. K. Tucker and R. Vaidyanathan},
  title = 	 {Response surface and neural network techniques for rocket engine injector optimization},
  institution =  {AIAA},
  year = 	 {1999},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  number = 	 {99-2455},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Tong92,
  author = 	 {S. Tong and B. Gregory},
  title = 	 {Turbine preliminary design using artificial intelligence and numerical optimization techniques},
  journal = 	 {Journal of Turbomachinar},
  year = 	 {1992},
  volume = 	 {114},
  number = 	 {1},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Jin01,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin and M. Olhofer and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Managing approximate models in evolutionary aerodynamic 
                  design optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {592-599},
  year = 	 {2001},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {1},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {Seoul, Korea},
  month = 	 {May},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Biles94,
  author = 	 {J. A. Biles},
  title = 	 {GenJam: A genetic algorithm for generating jazz solos},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {131-137},
  year = 	 {1994},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {Aarhus, Denmark},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Johanson98,
  author = 	 {B. Johanson and R. Poli},
  title = 	 {{GP}-Music: {A}n interactice genetic programming system 
for music generation with automated fitness raters},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Genetic
Programming},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {181-186},
  year = 	 {1998},
  editor = 	 {John R. Koza and Wolfgang Banzhaf and Kumar Chellapilla and Kalyanmoy Deb and Marco Dorigo and David B. Fogel and Max H. Garzon and David E. Goldberg and Hitoshi Iba and Rick Riolo},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Pierret99,
  author = 	 {S. Pierret},
  title = 	 {Turbomachinery blade design using a {N}avier-{S}tokes 
solver and artificial neural network},
  journal = 	 {ASME Journal of Turbomachinery},
  year = 	 {1999},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {121},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {326-332},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Fitzpatrick88,
  author = 	 {J.M. Fitzpatrick and J.J. Grefenstette},
  title = 	 {Genetic algorithms in noisy environments},
  journal = 	 {Machine Learning},
  year = 	 {1988},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {3},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {101-120},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Sano00,
  author = 	 {Y. Sano and H. Kita},
  title = 	 {Optimization of noisy fitness functions by means of
genetic algorithms using history},
  booktitle = 	 {Parallel Problem Solving from Nature},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {571-580},
  year = 	 {2000},
  editor = 	 {M. Schoenauer et al},
  volume = 	 {1917},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Branke01,
  author = 	 {J. Branke and C. Schmidt and H. Schmeck},
  title = 	 {Efficient fitness estimation in noisy environment},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {243-250},
  year = 	 {2001},
  editor = 	 {L. Spector et al},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {San Francisco, CA},
  month = 	 {July},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Nair98,
  author = 	 {P.B. Nair and A.J. Keane},
  title = 	 {Combining approximation concepts with algorithm-based 
structural optimization procedures},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of 39th AIAA/ASMEASCE/AHS/ASC Structures,
Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1741-1751},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Schneider94,
  author = 	 {G. Schneider and J. Schuchhardt and P. Wrede},
  title = 	 {Artificial neural networks and simulated molecular
evolution are potential tools for sequence-oriented protein design},
  journal = 	 {CABIOS},
  year = 	 {1994},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {10},
  number = 	 {6},
  pages = 	 {635-645},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Schneider98,
  author = 	 {G. Schneider and W. Schr\"odl and G. Wallukat},
  title = 	 {Peptide design by artificial neural networks and computaer-based evolutionary search},
  journal = 	 {Proceedings of National Academy of Science},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {95},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {12197-12184},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Schneider00,
  author = 	 {G. Schneider},
  title = 	 {Neural networks are useful tools for drug design},
  journal = 	 {Neural Networks},
  year = 	 {2000},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {13},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {15-16},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Liang00,
  author = 	 {K.-H. Liang and X. Yao and C. Newton},
  title = 	 {Evolutionary Search of Approximated N-Dimensional Landscape},
  journal = 	 {International Journal of Knowledge-based Intelligent Engineering Systems},
  year = 	 {2000},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {4},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {172-183},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Liang99,
  author = 	 {K.-H. Liang and X. Yao and C. Newton},
  title = 	 {Combining landscape approximation and local search in global optimization},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  booktitle = {1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  pages = 	 {1514-1520},
  year = 	 {1999},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Yang95,
  author = 	 {D. Yang and S.J. Flockton},
  title = 	 {Evolutionary algorithms with a coarse-to-fine function smoothing},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on
Evolutionary Computation},
  pages = 	 {657-662},
  year = 	 {1995},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Perth, Australia},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE Press},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Piccolboni97,
  author = 	 {A. Piccolboni and G. Mauri},
  title = 	 {Application of evolutionary algorithms to protein folding
    prediction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Artificial Evolution 97},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {123-136},
  year = 	 {1997},
  editor = 	 {J.-K. Hao et al},
  volume = 	 {1363},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Neumaier97,
  author = 	 {A. Neumaier},
  title = 	 {Molecular modeling of proteins and mathematical prediction
of protein structures},
  journal = 	 {SIAM Review},
  year = 	 {1997},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {39},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {407-460},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Redmond96,
  author = 	 {J. Redmond and G. Parker},
  title = 	 {Actuator placement based on reachable set optimization
for expected disturbance},
  journal = 	 {Journal Optimization Theory and Applications},
  year = 	 {1996},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {90},
  number = 	 {2},
  pages = 	 {279-300},
  month = 	 {August},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Ratle98,
  author = 	 {A. Ratle},
  title = 	 {Accelerating the convergence of evolutionary algorithms by fitness landscape approximation},
  booktitle = 	 {Parallel Problem Solving from Nature},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {87--96},
  year = 	 {1998},
  editor = 	 {A. Eiben and Th. B\"ack and M. Schoenauer and H.-P. Schwefel},
  volume = 	 {V}
}
@Article{Bull99,
  author = 	 {L. Bull},
  title = 	 {On model-based evolutionary computation},
  journal = 	 {Soft Computing},
  year = 	 {1999},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {3},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {76-82},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Lee96,
  author = 	 {J. Lee and P. Hajela },
  title = 	 {Parallel genetic algorithms implementation for 
multidisciplinary rotor blade design},
  journal = 	 {Journal of Aircraft},
  year = 	 {1996},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {33},
  number = 	 {5},
  pages = 	 {962-969},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Ratle99,
  author = 	 {A. Ratle},
  title = 	 {Optimal sampling strategies for learning a fitness model},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {2078-2085},
  year = 	 {1999},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {3},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Washington D.C.},
  month = 	 {July},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InCollection{Dennis97,
  author = 	 {J. Dennis and V. Torczon},
  title = 	 {Managing approximate models in optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Multidisciplinary design optimization: {S}tate-of-the-art},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {330--347},
  publisher = {SIAM},
  year = 	 {1997},
  editor = 	 {N. Alexandrov and M. Hussani}
}

@Article{Brooker98,
  author = 	 {A. J. Brooker and J. Dennis and P. D. Frank and D. B. Serafini and V. Torczon and M. Trosset},
  title = 	 {A rigorous framework for optimization of expensive functions by surrogates},
  journal = 	 {Structural Optimization},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {17},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1--13}
}

@TechReport{Simpson98,
  author = 	 {T. Simpson and T. Mauery and J. Korte and F. Mistree},
  title = 	 {Comparison of response surface and {K}riging models for multidiscilinary design optimization},
  institution =  {AIAA},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  number = 	 {98-4755},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@TechReport{Giunta98,
  author = 	 {A.A. Giunta and L. Watson},
  title = 	 {A comparison of approximation modeling techniques:
Polynomial versus interpolating models},
  institution =  {AIAA},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  number = 	 {98-4758},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@TechReport{JinR00,
  author = 	 {R. Jin and W. Chen and T.W. Simpson},
  title = 	 {Comparative studies of metamodeling techniques under miltiple modeling criteria},
  institution =  {AIAA},
  year = 	 {2000},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  number = 	 {2000-4801},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@TechReport{Carpenter92,
  author = 	 {W. Carpenter and J.-F. Barthelemy},
  title = 	 {A comparison of polynomial approximation and artificial
neural nets as response surface},
  institution =  {AIAA},
  year = 	 {1992},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTtype = 	 {},
  number = 	 {92-2247},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Carpenter94,
  author = 	 {W. Carpenter and J.-F. Barthelemy},
  title = 	 {Common misconceptions about neural networks as approximators},
  journal = 	 {ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering },
  year = 	 {1994},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {8},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {345-358},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@Article{Haftka98,
  author = 	 {R.T. Haftka and E.P. Scott and J.R. Cruz},
  title = 	 {Optimization and experiments: {A} survey},
  journal = 	 {Applied Mechanics Review},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {51},
  number = 	 {7},
  pages = 	 {435-448},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}






@InProceedings{Huesken00,
  author = 	 {M. H\"usken and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Evolutionary optimization for problem classes with Lamarckian inheritance},
  booktitle = 	 {IEEE Symposium on Combinations of Evolutionary Computation and Neural Networks},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {98-109},
  year = 	 {2000},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Huesken02,
  author = 	 {M. H\"usken and Y. Jin and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Structure optimization of neural networks for
evolutionary design optimization},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  booktitle = {2002 {GECCO} Workshop on Approximation and Learning in Evolutionary Computation},
  pages = 	 {13-16},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Branke98,
  author = 	 {J. Branke},
  title = 	 {Creating robust solutions by means of evolutionary algorithms},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Parallel Problem Solving from Nature},
  pages = 	 {119-128},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Grefenstette85,
  author = 	 {J.J. Grefenstette and J.M. Fitzpatrick},
  title = 	 {Genetic search with approximate fitness evaluations},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the International Conference on Genetic 
Algorithms and Their Applications},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {112-120},
  year = 	 {1985},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Albert02,
  author = 	 {L. Albert and D.E. Goldberg},
  title = 	 {Efficient disretization scheduling in multiple dimensions},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation 
Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {271-278},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Smith95,
  author = 	 {R. Smith and B. Dike and S. Stegmann},
  title = 	 {Fitness inheritance in genetic algorithms },
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of ACM Symposiums on Applied Computing},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {345-350},
  year = 	 {1995},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {ACM},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Zheng97,
  author = 	 {X. Zhang and B. Julstrom and W. Cheng},
  title = 	 {Design of vector quantization codebooks using a genetic algorithm},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {525-529},
  year = 	 {1997},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Sastry01,
  author = 	 {K. Sastry and D.E. Goldberg and M. Pelikan},
  title = 	 {Don't evaluate, inherit},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {551-558},
  year = 	 {2001},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Chen02,
  author = 	 {J.-H. Chen and D.E. Goldberg and S.-Y. Ho and K. Sastry },
  title = 	 {Fitness inheritance in multi-objective optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {319-326},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Kim01,
  author = 	 {H.-S. Kim and S.-B. Cho},
  title = 	 {An efficient genetic algorithms with less fitness evaluation by clustering},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {887-894},
  year = 	 {2001},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Eby98,
  author = 	 {D. Eby and R. Averill and W. Punch and E. Goodman},
  title = 	 {Evaluation of injection island model {GA} performance 
on flywheel design optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Third Conference on Adaptive Computing in Design and manufacturing},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {121-136},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Sefrioui00,
  author = 	 {M. Sefrioui and J. Periaux},
  title = 	 {A hierarchical genetic algorithm using multiple models for
optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Parallel Problem Solving from Nature},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {879-888},
  year = 	 {2000},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {1917},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Anderson99,
  author = 	 {K. Anderson and Y. Hsu},
  title = 	 {Genetic crossover strategy using an approximation concept},
  booktitle = 	 {IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {527-533},
  year = 	 {1999},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Washington D.C.},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Rasheed00,
  author = 	 {K. Rasheed},
  title = 	 {Informed operators: {S}peeding up genetic-algorithm-based
design optimization using reduced models},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {628-635},
  year = 	 {2000},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Las Vegas},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Rasheed02,
  author = 	 {K. Rasheed and S. Vattam and X. Ni},
  title = 	 {Comparison of methods for using reduced models to speed up design optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1180-1187},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {New York},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Abboud02,
  author = 	 {K. Abboud M. Schoenauer},
  title = 	 {Surrogate deterministic mutation},
  booktitle = 	 {Artificial Evolution'01},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {103-115},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Beltagy98,
  author = 	 {M.A. {El-Beltagy} and A.J. Keane},
  title = 	 {Optimization for multi-level problems: {A} comparison
of various algorithms},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of Third International Conference on Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {111-120},
  year = 	 {1998},
  editor = 	 {I. Parmee},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Beltagy99,
  author = 	 {M.A. {El-Beltagy} and P.B. Nair and A.J. Keane},
  title = 	 {Metamodeling techniques for evolutionary optimization of computationally expensive problems: promises and limitations},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {196-203},
  year = 	 {1999},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Orlando},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Vekeria96,
  author = 	 {H. Vekeria and I. Parmee},
  title = 	 {The use of a cooperative multi-level {CHC GA} for structuralshape optimization },
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of fourth European Congress on Intelligent
Techniques and Soft Computing},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {471-475},
  year = 	 {1996},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {I},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Aachen},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Papa97,
  author = 	 {M. Papadrakakis and N. Lagaros and Y. Tsompanakis},
  title = 	 {Structural optimization using evolution strategies
and neural networks},
  booktitle = 	 {Fourth U.S. National Congress on Computational Mechanics},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  year = 	 {1997},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {San Francisco},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Papa99,
  author = 	 {M. Papadrakakis and N. Lagaros and Y. Tsompanakis},
  title = 	 {Optimization of large-scale 3{D} trusses using Evolution
Strategies and Neural Networks},
  journal = 	 {Int. J. Space Structures},
  year = 	 {1999},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {14},
  number = 	 {3},
  pages = 	 {211-223},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Emmer02,
  author = 	 {M. Emmerich and A. Giotis and M. \"Ozdenir and T. B\"ack and K. Giannakoglou},
  title = 	 {Metamodel-assisted evolution strategies},
  booktitle = 	 {Parallel Problem Solving from Nature},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {371-380},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  number = 	 {2439},
  series = 	 {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Giotis01,
  author = 	 {A. Giotis and M. Emmerich and B. Naujoks and K. Giannakoglou},
  title = 	 {Low kost stochastic optimization for engineering applications},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of International Conference on Evolutionary Methods 
                  for Design, Optimization and Control with Applications to 
                   Industrial Problems},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  year = 	 {2001},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@Article{Jin02a,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin and M. Olhofer and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {A framework for evolutionary optimization with approximate fitness functions},
  journal = 	 {IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {6},
  number = 	 {5},
  pages = 	 {481-494},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Nain02,
  author = 	 {P. Nain and K. Deb},
  title = 	 {A computationally effective multi-objective search and
optimization techniques using coarse-to-fine grain modeling},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  booktitle = {2002 PPSN Workshop on Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Odu02,
  author = 	 {V. Oduguwa and R. Roy},
  title = 	 {Multiobjective optimization of rolling rod product design using meta-modeling approach},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  booktitle = {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  pages = 	 {1164-1171},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {New York},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Farina02,
  author = 	 {M. Farina},
  title = 	 {A neural network based generalized response surface multiobjective evolutionary algorithms},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  booktitle = {Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  pages = 	 {956-961},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE Press},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Farina01,
  author = 	 {M. Farina},
  title = 	 {A minimal cost hybrid strategy for {P}areto optimal
front approximation},
  journal = 	 {Evolutionary Optimization},
  year = 	 {2001},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {3},
  number = 	 {1},
  pages = 	 {41-52},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Ong02,
  author = 	 {Y.S. Ong and P.B. Nair and A.J. Keane},
  title = 	 {Evolutionary optimization of computationally expensive problems via surrogate modeling},
  journal = 	 {AIAA Journal},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {41},
  number = 	 {4},
  pages = 	 {687--696},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Robinson98,
  author = 	 {G. M. Robinson and A. J. Keane},
  title = 	 {A Case for Multi-Level Optimisation in Aeronautical Design},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the RAeS Conf. on
Multidisciplinary Design and Optimisation},
  pages = 	 {pp. 9.1-9.6},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  organization = {The Royal Aeronautical Society},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Hong03,
  author = 	 {Y.-S. Hong and H.Lee and M.-J. Tahk},
  title = 	 {Acceleration of the convergence speed of evolutionary
algorithms using multi-layer neural networks},
  journal = 	 {Engineering Optimization},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {35},
  number = 	 {1},
  pages = 	 {91-102},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Jin05,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin},
  title = 	 {A comprehensive survey of fitness approximation in
evolutionary computation},
  journal = 	 {Soft Computing Journal},
  year = 	 {2005},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {9},
  number = 	 {1},
  pages = 	 {3--12},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {In press},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@Article{Huesken05,
  author = 	 {M. H\"uscken and Y. Jin and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Structure optimization of neural networks for aerodynamic optimization},
  journal = 	 {Soft Computing Journal},
  year = 	 {2005},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {9},
  number = 	 {1},
  pages = 	 {21--28},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {In press},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Branke03,
  author = 	 {J. Branke and C. Schmidt},
  title = 	 {Fast convergence by means of fitness estimation},
  journal = 	 {Soft Computing Journal},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  note = 	 {In press},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Rasheed03,
  author = 	 {K. Rasheed and X. Ni and S. Vattam},
  title = 	 {Comparison of methods for developing dynamic reduced models
for design optimization},
  journal = 	 {Soft Computing Journal},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  note = 	 {In press},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Bueche03,
  author = 	 {D. Bueche},
  title = 	 {Accelerating evolutionary algorithms using fitness function models},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of GECCO Workshop on Learning, Adaptation and
Approximation in Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {166--169},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Ulmer03a,
  author = 	 {H. Ulmer and F. Streicher and A. Zell},
  title = 	 {Model-assisted steady-state evolution strategies},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {610-621},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {LNCS 2723},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Jiang03,
  author = 	 {X. Jiang and D. Chafekar and K. Rasheed},
  title = 	 {Constrained multi-objective {GA} optimization
using reduced models},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of GECCO Workshop on Learning, Adaptation and
Approximation in Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {174--177},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@Article{Salami03,
  author = 	 {M. Salami and T. Hendtlass},
  title = 	 {A fast evaluation strategy for evolutionary algorithms},
  journal = 	 {Applied Soft Computing},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {2},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {156--173},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Ulmer03b,
  author = 	 {H. Ulmer and F. Streichert and A. Zell},
  title = 	 {Evolution startegies assisted by Gaussian processes with improved pre-selection criterion},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {692--699},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Bhatta03,
  author = 	 {M. Bhattacharya and G. Lu},
  title = 	 {A dynamic approximate fitness based hybrid EA for optimization problems},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1879--1886},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}
@InProceedings{Willmes03,
  author = 	 {L. Willmes and T. Baeck and Y. Jin and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Comparing neural networks and kriging for fitness approximation in evolutionary optimization},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {663--670},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Won03,
  author = 	 {K. Won and T. Ray and K. Tai},
  title = 	 {A framework for optimization using approximate functions},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1077--1084},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@inproceedings{ZiB03,
 AUTHOR = {J. Ziegler and W. Banzhaf},
 TITLE = {Decreasing the number of evaluations in evolutionary
 algorithms by using a meta-model of the fitness function},
 EDITOR = {C.~Ryan and T.~Soule and M.~Keijzer and
 E.~Tsang and R.~Poli and E.~Costa},
 BOOKTITLE = {{Proc.~Sixth European Conf.~Genetic Programming
 (EuroGP'03)}},
 PUBLISHER = {Springer},
 ADDRESS = {Berlin},
 YEAR = {2003},
 SERIES = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
 VOLUME = {2610},
 ISBN = {3-540-00971-X},
 PAGES = {264--275}
}


@InProceedings{Mutoh03,
  author = 	 {A. Mutoh and S. Kato and T. Nakamura and H. Itoh},
  title = 	 {Reducing execution time on genetic algorithms in real-world applications using fitness prediction},
  booktitle = 	 {Proc. of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {552--559},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {1},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Sidney, Australia},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Schmitz02,
  author = 	 {A. Schmitz and E. Besnard and E. Vivies},
  title = 	 {Reducing the cost of computational fluid dynamics optimization using multilayer perceptrons},
  booktitle = 	 {IEEE 2002 World Congress on Computational Intelligence},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  OPTpages = 	 {},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Ducheyne03,
  author = 	 {E. Ducheyne and B. {De Baets} and R. {de Wulf}},
  title = 	 {Is fitness inheritance useful for real-world applications?},
  booktitle = 	 {Second International Conference on Multi-criterion Optimization},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {31--42},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {LNCS 2632},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Springer},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}


@InProceedings{Jin03b,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Trade-off between performance and robustness: {A}n multiobjective approach},
  booktitle = 	 {Second International Conference on Multi-criterion Optimization},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {237--251},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  series = 	 {LNCS 2632},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {Springer},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}



@InProceedings{Jin03c,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin and M. Huesken and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Quality measures for approximate models in evolutionary computation},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of {GECCO} Workshops: Workshop on
Adaptation, Learning and Approximation in Evolutionary Computation},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {170--174},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  address = 	 {Chicago},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Jin02,
  author = 	 {Y. Jin and B. Sendhoff},
  title = 	 {Fitness approximation in evolutionary computation: {A} survey},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
Conference},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {1105--1112},
  year = 	 {2002},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Aguilar-Ruiz03,
  author = 	 {J.S. Aguilar-Ruiz and D. Mateos and D.S. Rodriguez},
  title = 	 {Evolutionary Neuroestimation of Fitness Functions},
  booktitle = 	 {Lecture Notes on Artificial Inteligence},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {74--83},
  year = 	 {2003},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  volume = 	 {2902},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

@InProceedings{Beltagy01,
  author = 	 {M.A. {El-Beltagy} and A.J. Keane},
  title = 	 {Evolutionary optimization for computationally expensive
problems using {G}aussian processes},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of International Conference on
Artificial Intelligence},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey = 	 {},
  pages = 	 {708--714},
  year = 	 {2001},
  OPTeditor = 	 {},
  OPTvolume = 	 {},
  OPTnumber = 	 {},
  OPTseries = 	 {},
  OPTaddress = 	 {},
  OPTmonth = 	 {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {CSREA},
  OPTnote = 	 {},
  OPTannote = 	 {}
}

